Ghana Agribusiness Playbook← Goats & Sheep
A trader and a customer negotiating over a tethered festival ram at a busy Ghanaian livestock market
Goats & Sheep · Pillar 02

Demand and Markets

Demand is steady all year from chevon, khebab and chop bars and spikes at Eid-ul-Adha, and in the 2026 festival week ram prices rose in Accra, Tamale, Wa and Upper Manya Krobo while Kumasi rams started from about GH¢1,500, against GH¢2,000 to 2,500 a year earlier.
Demand and markets · Pillar 02

Demand for goats and sheep in Ghana is steady through the year and then spikes hard at certain dates. Most goat and sheep meat comes from animals raised in Ghana, but the festival trade, above all in large rams, relies on live animals trekked or trucked in from the Sahel.

The steady demand comes from everyday eating: chevon and mutton in light soup, grilled khebab sold at roadside stands at night, chop bars, and the hotel and restaurant trade in the cities. The spikes come from the festival and ceremony calendar, above all Eid-ul-Adha, when Muslim families buy a ram to sacrifice. Ghana produced about 37,112 tonnes of goat meat and 28,319 tonnes of sheep meat in 2024 on the ministry’s estimate, and imported 2,832 tonnes of frozen sheep and goat meat.12 Total demand rises with the population, which grows at about 2.1 percent a year.34

A busy Ghanaian livestock market with goats and sheep tethered in rows, traders and customers negotiating prices, dust and afternoon light, documentary photograph
Steady, then spiking
The base fact: most of the meat is Ghanaian; the big festival rams come from the Sahel.
37,112 t
goat meat produced in Ghana in 2024, on the ministry's estimate
28,319 t
sheep meat produced in Ghana in 2024, on the same estimate
40%+
the rise in livestock prices in Accra and Tamale checks in the Eid-ul-Fitr week of April 20245

🐐 The festival calendar: where the money spikes 🐐

Nothing shapes the small-ruminant market like the festival calendar. Eid-ul-Adha, known across West Africa as Tabaski, is the biggest event: every Muslim household that can afford it buys a ram to slaughter, and demand runs far ahead of supply for the few weeks before the date. Eid-ul-Fitr at the end of Ramadan brings a second Muslim peak. Christmas and Easter lift demand among Christian families, and goats and sheep are bought all year for funerals, naming ceremonies and marriages, occasions for which live animals are especially sought out.3 These dates drive the business. At Christmas 2025, goats and sheep at the Sunyani livestock market were priced at about GH¢950 to 1,100 depending on size, with sellers saying prices were negotiable and sales slower than the year before.6 In the Eid-ul-Fitr week of April 2024, when the cedi was weak against the CFA franc, Daily Graphic checks in Accra and Tamale markets found livestock prices more than 40 percent above a year earlier, and traders reported low patronage at those prices.5

A trader showing off a large white Sahelian ram to a buyer at a crowded Eid-ul-Adha livestock market in Accra, cash changing hands, documentary photograph
Tabaski: the biggest date
Every household that can afford it: buys a ram to slaughter.
Table 4: The Small-Ruminant Demand Calendar
OccasionWhenWhat sellsDemand effect
Eid-ul-Adha (Tabaski)About 27 May 2026 and 16 May 2027; about 11 days earlier each yearRams, ideally large white SahelianThe biggest peak; demand outruns supply
Eid-ul-FitrEnd of Ramadan: about 20 March 2026 and 9 March 2027Goats and sheep for the feastSecond Muslim peak
Christmas and New YearDecemberGoats and sheep for family mealsStrong urban demand
Easter5 April 2026; 28 March 2027Goats and sheepChristian-season lift
FuneralsYear-round, heavy at weekendsGoats and sheep slaughtered for mournersSteady, large, culturally obligatory
Naming and marriage ceremoniesYear-roundLive animals as gifts and for feastingSteady baseline demand

Sources: USDA FAS (2023); Dotse and Baba (2026); Suleman (2025); Peprah (2025). The Muslim festivals follow the lunar calendar and move earlier each year, so the peak date shifts across the seasons over time.

Eid ram prices by market in May 2026, Accra, Kumasi and Tamale, against traders' recollection of 2025
Figure 2 Eid ram prices by market, May 2026, against traders’ recollection of 202578
What this shows

Accra and Tamale rose and Kumasi fell in the same festival week, so an average of the three would describe no real market. The 2025 bars are traders’ recollections quoted in 2026 and do not match what was reported at the time: in June 2025 the Ghana News Agency put Kumasi rams from GH¢2,000 and the Daily Graphic put Tamale rams at GH¢1,000 to 7,000. Read the chart for direction within each market: the market a seller chooses in May decides more than anything done to the animal beforehand.

In 2026, Accra ram prices rose to about GH¢5,000 to 5,500, up from about GH¢4,000 the year before, as the Burkina Faso and Niger export bans cut supply, while in Kumasi rams sold from about GH¢1,500, down from about GH¢2,500 a year earlier by the dealers’ own account (the Ghana News Agency had reported a starting price of GH¢2,000 at the same abattoir in June 2025),7 held down by a stronger cedi that had cut the cost of imported animals.910Tamale moved the same way as Accra, though the reporting from the ground called the move marginal beside Accra’s spike: one trader said rams that had sold for about GH¢300 to 1,500 at the previous Eid fetched GH¢850 to 1,500 for small and medium animals and GH¢1,500 to 3,000 for bigger rams this time, although the Daily Graphic’s own June 2025 report had put Tamale rams at GH¢1,000 to 7,000.8 Traders put the 2026 rise down to costlier animals bought in from surrounding markets, with no surge in local demand, and reported slow sales at the higher prices. Reports from Wa and Upper Manya Krobo in the same week put a good ram at about GH¢5,000, and some families there pooled money to buy a cow instead. For a fattening business, the gap between the lean-season buying price and the festival selling price in the chosen market decides most of the margin.111210

GH¢5,000 to 5,500
Accra ram price at Eid 2026, up from about GH¢4,000 a year before
GH¢1,500
Kumasi starting price for a ram at Eid 2026, against GH¢2,000 to 2,500 a year earlier

🐐 Everyday demand: khebab, chop bars and the urban plate 🐐

Away from the festivals, the steady market is urban and informal. The most visible channel is khebab, also called chichinga or kyikyinga, the spiced grilled meat sold at roadside stands across every town at night, which is a major and reliable outlet for chevon and mutton. Chop bars, the local eateries that sell cooked food, and the hotel and restaurant trade in Accra and Kumasi take a steady volume. A 2015 consumption survey in Kumasi found that locally produced goat meat was eaten more often than imported goat meat, and that chevon is a clear part of the urban meat basket.13 This everyday demand is less dramatic than the festival spike, but it is steadier, and it is the base load that a supplier can plan around between festivals.

A roadside khebab stand at night in a Ghanaian town, a vendor grilling spiced goat meat skewers over hot coals, customers waiting, documentary photograph
The steady base load
Khebab, chop bars and hotels: less dramatic than Eid, but there every night.

The ministry’s per-person series, reproduced in a German trade analysis, puts goat meat at 0.93 kg a person in 2014 rising to 1.02 kg in 201814and sheep meat at 0.78 kg rising to 0.83 kg, and the series stops in 2018. Dividing the ministry’s 2024 production estimate plus frozen imports by its 2024 population estimate gives about 2.1 kg of goat and sheep meat a person, a figure built on the ministry’s assumed off-take, so plan on price and timing more than on volume growth.1 Esoko once sent crop market prices to farmers by text message.15No live goat or sheep price series is published, although the ministry’s statistics directorate collects monthly retail mutton prices, so sellers rely on traders, market visits and online listings. Between July and September 2026, Jiji Ghana adverts asked about GH¢230 to 1,100 for local goats in the north and GH¢500 to 2,500 in the south, GH¢450 to 1,500 for sheep in the Northern Region and GH¢1,900 to 6,000 for rams in the south; these are asking prices, not sale prices. Goat meat sold for about GH¢110 to 143 a kilogram from Accra butchers and online grocers in 2026, and fresh goat for GH¢159.99 a kilogram at Palace, a supermarket cut.16171819202122

0.93 → 1.02 kg
goat meat eaten per person a year, 2014 to 2018, on the ministry's series
0.78 → 0.83 kg
sheep meat eaten per person a year, same period
GH¢110 to 143
a kilogram of goat meat from Accra butchers and online grocers, 2026

What this means. Plan on price and timing more than on volume growth. Eating per person moves slowly while festival prices move sharply, so a seller who tracks prices through traders, market visits and online listings, and prices ahead of the calendar, does better than one who counts on a yearly growth rate.

🐐 The cross-border supply the home market leans on 🐐

Sahelian traders loading a truck with goats and sheep at a Ghana-Burkina Faso border post, customs officials checking paperwork nearby, documentary photograph
97% from Burkina Faso in 2023
Burkina Faso: 97 percent of recorded head in 2023, about half in 2025.
54,469 head
sheep and goats recorded as live imports in 2024, down about a tenth on 2023
97%
of recorded live imports by head came from Burkina Faso in 2023; 88 percent in 2024 and about half in 2025
~96%
of the sheep and goat meat Ghana used in 2024 was produced at home, since an animal slaughtered here counts as domestic output
Empty livestock holding pens at a Ghana-Burkina Faso border post after the 2026 export ban, bare wooden rails and no animals waiting, dust settling in late afternoon light, documentary photograph
Exports suspended
Burkina Faso suspended livestock exports from 8 May 2026.

Ghana does not raise enough of the big festival ram to meet demand, so those animals are brought in live, mainly from Burkina Faso and also from Niger and Nigeria. The dependence is narrower than it looks: recorded live imports in 2024 were 24,413 sheep and 30,056 goats, about 54,469 head, both species down about a tenth on 2023.1That is about one animal in ninety of the national slaughter implied by the ministry’s off-take, and even UN Comtrade’s 2023 count, about three times higher, leaves the share in low single figures. What is concentrated is the segment: the festival ram is where the Sahel matters, and a border closure is felt in the Accra Eid market long before anywhere else. UN Comtrade records show Burkina Faso supplying about 97 percent of Ghana’s recorded live sheep and goat imports by head in 2023 (98 percent by weight), 88 percent in 2024 and about half in 2025, when Togo supplied about 43 percent.23424

The gap is a live-animal gap rather than a meat one, and the distinction matters: on the ministry’s 2024 figures Ghana produced about 96 percent of the sheep and goat meat it used (65,431 tonnes against 2,832 tonnes of frozen imports), because an animal walked across the border and slaughtered here counts as domestic output.114 That reliance on live animals makes the Ghanaian market unusually exposed to two outside forces. The first is the exchange rate: because the animals are paid for in CFA francs, a weak cedi makes them dearer and a strong cedi makes them cheaper, which is why 2025 prices fell when the cedi recovered.7 The second is cross-border politics: Niger banned exports of sheep, goats, cattle and camels by an order of 2 March 2026,2526 and Burkina Faso banned its own from 8 May 2026, until further notice,27to protect their own markets; because Ghana took about 60 percent of Burkina Faso’s livestock exports by value over the previous five years, on Trade Map data, and most animals crossing at Paga are moved on to the Accra market, the cut was felt hardest in the Accra trade,2728 where sellers reported animals no longer crossing the border.10Burkina Faso’s recorded sheep and goat exports to all destinations rose from 555.7 tonnes in 2020 to 8,608 tonnes in 2024 on Burkinabe national statistics, while Ghana’s veterinary record of live sheep and goat imports fell from about 141,000 head in 2020 to about 54,000 in 2024, so much of the trade either went elsewhere or crossed without being recorded.271

🎯 The 2026 supply shock, and why it is an opening.In May 2026 Burkina Faso banned all livestock exports, following Niger, to feed its own people first. Ghana had relied on Burkina Faso for the bulk of its imported festival animals. The immediate effect varied by market: Accra saw higher prices and traders there blamed a shortage of animals crossing the border, while the Kumasi abattoir, where most arrivals are cattle, took in more than 5,000 animals by 21 May 2026, against a dealer’s figure of about 3,000 for the same point in 2025 (the Ghana News Agency had reported more than 4,000 by 2 June 2025),97and the traders’ association there said it did not expect the closures to affect Ghanaian supply materially because domestic stock was adequate. The lasting message for a Ghanaian producer is simple: the country has been importing festival animals it could raise itself, and its main supplier suspended exports in May 2026, with no lifting reported by late September. Burkinabe exporters asked for the ban to be lifted after Tabaski to resume sales to Ghana, so it may not last.29 While it lasts, the suspension is the clearest import-substitution opening in the sector. A domestic breeder or fattener who can put festival-ready rams into the market now faces less competition from cheap Sahel imports than at any time in years.

🐐 By-products: skins, hides and a niche in milk 🐐

Goats and sheep are bought for meat first, but they leave by-products with their own small markets. FAO estimates Ghana’s 2024 output at about 7,155 tonnes of fresh goat skins and 4,546 tonnes of fresh sheep skins.30Skins and hides feed a mostly artisanal leather trade, and the wider African pattern shows the same gap: unfinished leather and hides and skins make up 27 percent of Africa’s livestock exports, largely without any value addition,31and Ghana’s skins also mostly leave unprocessed. What Ghana’s own skins are worth, and where that value leaks, is traced link by link in Pillar 6. Goat milk is a much smaller story: in Ghana mainly cow’s milk is consumed and processed, and sheep’s and goat’s milk play almost no role in daily supply, so a dairy-goat market here is at an early, niche stage.14

A Ghanaian trader sorting stacks of raw goat and sheep skins at an open-air hides and skins market, sacks and drying racks in the background, documentary photograph
27% of Africa's exports, unfinished
Mostly raw: Ghana’s skins mostly leave unprocessed.
7,155 t
fresh goat skins, Ghana 2024, FAO estimate
4,546 t
fresh sheep skins, Ghana 2024, FAO estimate
🐐 Openings: where the demand pays 🐐
01

Festival supply, contracted early. The demand peaks are on a calendar and the prices are not: Accra rose and Kumasi fell in the same 2026 Eid week. A supplier who contracts with urban butchers and event buyers months ahead converts the most volatile part of this market into a known price, and the buyer will pay for that certainty too.

02

Import substitution on the festival ram specifically. The Sahel dependence is narrow but real, and both main Sahel suppliers suspended exports in 2026. Finishing large rams domestically for the Eid window addresses the one segment where the imported animal actually dominates.

03

The khebab and chop-bar trade as an anchor customer. The everyday urban trade is steady and informal, and few suppliers offer consistent quality and volume. A reliable weekly volume at an agreed grade is a scarce offer in this market.

04

Rams at a lower price point. With good rams quoted at about GH¢5,000 in Accra, Wa and Upper Manya Krobo in May 2026, some families pooled money to buy a cow instead, so a seller offering smaller finished rams, or a plan that lets a family pay for its Eid ram in instalments from the start of the year, reaches buyers the top of the market is losing.1112

05

Selling online with a health record. Goat and sheep sellers already advertise on Jiji Ghana, mostly without weights or vaccination details, so a seller who lists weighed, vaccinated animals with delivery before Eid and Christmas stands out.20

🐐 The risks that sit inside the market and timing decision 🐐

Herders trekking a mixed line of goats and sheep along a dusty road toward a Ghana-Burkina Faso border crossing, dust rising around the animals, documentary photograph

Cross-border supply dependence

MEDIUM TO HIGH
What it is

Ghana leans on live animals from the Sahel, especially for festival rams, so an export ban or conflict in Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali or Nigeria can cut supply and spike prices.

Evidence

Burkina Faso supplied about 97 percent of recorded live imports by head in 2023 and about half in 2025, and Ghana took about 60 percent of Burkina Faso’s livestock exports by value; Niger banned livestock exports in March 2026 and Burkina Faso followed from 8 May 2026.427 The 2026 bans did not bite evenly: Accra prices rose while arrivals at the Kumasi abattoir, mostly cattle, were up on the dealers’ account of 2025,10 so the exposure is real but its timing is not uniform across markets.

Who it hits

Traders and fatteners who rely on imported stock, and consumers facing higher festival prices. It is also an opening for domestic producers.

How to manage it, and the opening

Diversify sources and build domestic supply links. For a producer, treat the cut in imports as the opening it is: domestic festival supply faces less competition than in recent years.

A Ghanaian livestock trader counting cedi banknotes beside a pen of goats and sheep at a busy festival market, documentary photograph
🐐 Key takeaways 🐐
01

Demand is steady year-round (khebab, chop bars, hotels) and spikes hard at festivals, above all Eid-ul-Adha, when ram demand outruns supply.

02

Ghana produced about 37,112 tonnes of goat meat and 28,319 tonnes of sheep meat in 2024 on the ministry's estimate, roughly 2 kg a person once frozen imports are added; the ministry's published per-person series stops in 2018.

03

The Sahel dependence is concentrated in the festival ram. Recorded live imports are about one animal in ninety of national slaughter, but they are the large festival rams, and Burkina Faso supplied about 97 percent of them by head in 2023 and about half in 2025.

04

Niger banned livestock exports in March 2026 and Burkina Faso followed from 8 May. The exposure is real but it did not bite evenly: Accra prices rose and traders blamed the border, while at the Kumasi abattoir arrivals rose and the starting price of a ram fell; Tamale, Wa and Upper Manya Krobo reported rises.

05

Skins and hides are a real if under-developed by-product; goat milk is still a small niche.

Written for each reader

🐐 Practitioner intelligence 🐐

Hover any card to pause and lift it.

For students

If you are thinking of entering, do not aim at the festival peak in your first season: the traders who supply Accra's Eid market have done it for years and know the price before you do. Start by supplying the everyday khebab and chop-bar trade in your own town, a steadier, lower-margin channel that teaches you buyers and prices before you risk capital on one festival date. The first-timer mistake is buying festival stock in the final weeks before Eid, when both price and animal health are at their worst; buy earlier and hold instead. What you gain is a buyer relationship and a read on local prices worth more than one good festival sale.

For entrepreneurs

Build your selling plan around the calendar. Time your biggest sales to Eid-ul-Adha and Christmas, when prices peak, and use khebab stands, chop bars and hotels as your steady between-festival outlet. With Sahel imports cut in 2026, a reliable domestic supply of festival rams can capture a premium that used to go across the border.

For investors

The investable signal is a large home market that grows with the population and whose main foreign source of festival rams has just been restricted. That is an opening for import substitution. Size the festival premium and the everyday khebab and hotel demand before committing capital, and treat the exchange rate as a key variable in any price forecast.

For ecosystem actors

Public bodies can turn the 2026 supply shock into lasting domestic capacity: support festival-season supply planning, market information on prices, and aggregation that lets local producers reach the urban festival market that imports used to serve.

Where this connects.The demand and price signals mapped here rest on a supply chain examined elsewhere: Pillar 1 shows how little domestic multiplication of improved stock there is for the rams this market pays a premium for, the health risk of buying blind across a border is priced in Pillar 3, and the margin lost between the farm gate and the festival price shown here is mapped stage by stage in Pillar 6. The price information gap described here, and what a service like Esoko’s would need to close it for goats and sheep, is taken further in Pillar 7.

Footnotes
  1. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Statistics, Research and Information Directorate. Agriculture in Ghana: Facts and Figures 2024. 34th ed. Accra: Ministry of Food and Agriculture, 2024. https://srid.mofa.gov.gh/sites/default/files/2025-12/AGRICULTURE%20IN%20GHANA%20%28Facts%20%26%20Figures%29%202024.pdf.↑
  2. IndexBox. "Western Africa: Goat Meat Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights." IndexBox (vendor report preview), 23 March 2026. https://www.indexbox.io/store/western-africa-goat-meat-market-analysis-forecast-size-trends-and-insights/.↑
  3. Taylor, Josh. Ghana Livestock Voluntary 2023. GAIN Report GH2023-0003. Accra: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2023. https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Ghana%20Livestock%20Voluntary%202023_Accra_Ghana_GH2023-0003.pdf.↑
  4. United Nations Statistics Division. UN Comtrade Database: Ghana, Imports of Live Sheep and Goats (HS 0104) and Sheep and Goat Meat (HS 0204), 2021-2023. New York: United Nations, 2026. https://comtradeplus.un.org/.↑
  5. Fugu, Mohammed, and Joshua Bediako Koomson. "Livestock Patronage Low, Prices Skyrocket as Muslims Mark Eid-ul-Fitr." Graphic Online, 10 April 2024. https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-livestock-patronage-low-prices-skyrocket-as-muslims-mark-eid-ul-fitr.html.↑
  6. Peprah, Dennis. "Prices of Goats, Sheep Are Negotiable in Festive Season: Sunyani Livestock Sellers." Ghana News Agency, 24 December 2025. https://gna.org.gh/2025/12/prices-of-goats-sheep-are-negotiable-in-festive-season-sunyani-livestock-sellers/.↑
  7. Suleman, Muyid Deen. "Livestock Prices Drop ahead of Eid ul-Adha as Cedi Strengthens against Major Currencies." Ghana News Agency, 3 June 2025. https://gna.org.gh/2025/06/livestock-prices-drop-ahead-of-eid-ul-adha-as-cedi-strengthens-against-major-currencies/.↑
  8. Baba, Abukari Alhassan. "Livestock Prices Drop ahead of Eid-ul-Adha: Relief for Buyers, Woes for Traders in Tamale." Graphic Online, 5 June 2025. https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-livestock-prices-drop-ahead-of-eid-ul-adha-relief-for-buyers-woes-for-traders-in-tamale.html.↑
  9. Suleman, Muyid Deen. "Livestock Prices Drop ahead of Eid-ul-Adha in Kumasi." Ghana News Agency, 25 May 2026. https://gna.org.gh/2026/05/livestock-prices-drop-ahead-of-eid-ul-adha-in-kumasi/.↑
  10. Dotse, Dickson Worlanyo, and Abukari Alhassan Baba. "Eid-ul-Adha: Animal Traders Anticipate Last-Minute Sales Boom." Graphic Online, 26 May 2026. https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-eid-ul-adha-animal-traders-anticipate-last-minute-sales-boom.html.↑
  11. Nipa, Osman Seidu. "Eid Mood Overtakes Wa as Celebrations Draw Nearer." Ghana News Agency, 23 May 2026. https://gna.org.gh/2026/05/eid-mood-overtakes-wa-as-celebrations-draw-nearer/.↑
  12. Ahmed, Kamal. "Upper Manya Krobo Families Adjust Eid al-Adha Traditions over Costly Rams." Ghana News Agency, 22 May 2026. https://gna.org.gh/2026/05/upper-manya-krobo-families-adjust-eid-al-adha-traditions-over-costly-rams/.↑
  13. Annan, Reginald A., Charles Apprey, Nana Kwasi Oppong, Vanessa Petty-Agamatey, Laudina Mensah, and Anne Marie Thow. "Public Awareness and Perception of Ghana's Restrictive Policy on Fatty Meat, as well as Preference and Consumption of Meat Products among Ghanaian Adults Living in the Kumasi Metropolis." BMC Nutrition 4 (2018): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-018-0209-z.↑
  14. Wirtschaft und Entwicklung. Country Analysis Ghana: Dairy and Meat Sector. Berlin: Wirtschaft und Entwicklung, c. 2021. https://wirtschaft-entwicklung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Downloads/Studie_Milch-_und_Fleischwirtschaft/Ghana_country_analysis.en.PDF.↑
  15. GSMA Mobile for Development Intelligence. Esoko. Case study. London: GSMA, 2012. https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-for-development/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Case_Study_-Esoko.pdf.↑
  16. Jiji Ghana. "Food Items Like Goat and Cow Meat, Old Tulaku, Ashaiman." Jiji Ghana, 25 July 2026. https://jiji.com.gh/tema-metropolitan/meat/food-items-like-goat-and-cow-meat-q3b4qZrbe42Y1KCJGpWNcQsu.html.↑
  17. Oak Urban Farms. "Goat Meat 1kg." Oak Urban Farms, Accra, n.d., accessed 29 September 2026. https://oakurbanfarms.com/product/goat-meat/.↑
  18. GH Basket. "Goat Meat 1lb." GH Basket, 2026. https://ghbasket.com/product/goat-meat-1lb/.↑
  19. Palace Online. "Fresh Goat Skin On, per kg." Palace Supermarket, 2026. https://palacesuperstores.com/products/fresh-skin-on-goat-in-1kg.↑
  20. Jiji Ghana. "Goats in Ghana for Sale." Jiji Ghana, n.d., accessed 29 September 2026. https://jiji.com.gh/74-goats.↑
  21. Jiji Ghana. "Sheep Listings, Livestock and Poultry Category." Jiji Ghana, n.d., accessed 29 September 2026. https://jiji.com.gh/livestock-and-poultry?query=sheep.↑
  22. Yenibehit, Nanii. "Market Integration and Price Transmission Analysis of Foreign and Ghanaian Beef and Mutton Markets; the Effect of Crude Oil Price and Exchange Rate Fluctuations." Cogent Food and Agriculture 9, no. 2 (2023): 2260611. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2260611.↑
  23. United Nations Statistics Division. UN Comtrade Database: Ghana (Reporter 288), Imports and Exports by Partner of Live Sheep (HS 010410), Live Goats (HS 010420), Sheep and Goat Meat (HS 0204), Other Raw Skins (HS 410390) and Sheep and Goat Leather (HS 4105, 4106, 4112), 2022-2025. New York: United Nations, 2026. https://comtradeplus.un.org/.↑
  24. Courtright, James, and Kars de Bruijne. Cattle Wahala: Addressing the Political Economy of Cattle Rustling and Smuggling between Ghana, Burkina Faso and Togo. Clingendael Report. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael, 2025. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/cattle-wahala.pdf.↑
  25. "Niger : nouvelle interdiction d'exporter du bétail pour protéger le marché intérieur." Sahelien.com, 4 March 2026. https://sahelien.com/niger-nouvelle-interdiction-dexporter-du-betail-pour-proteger-le-marche-interieur/.↑
  26. Agence France-Presse. "Eid Shoppers Hit by Soaring Sheep Prices in Ivory Coast." Africanews, 24 May 2026. https://www.africanews.com/2026/05/24/eid-shoppers-hit-by-soaring-sheep-prices-in-ivory-coast/.↑
  27. Assocle, Stéphanas. "Burkina Faso Halts Cattle Exports amid Push for Food Sovereignty." Ecofin Agency, 12 May 2026. https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-industry/1205-55483-burkina-faso-halts-cattle-exports-amid-push-for-food-sovereignty.↑
  28. Johnson, Sherry Ama Mawuko, Theophilus Odoom, William Tasiame, Benita Anderson, Christiana Terkper, Richard Kwamena Abbiw, Kingsley Amoako, et al. "Livestock Mobility in Border Towns and Markets in Ghana: A Retrospective Analysis, 2017-2023." Tropical Animal Health and Production 57, no. 8 (2025): 484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04641-y.↑
  29. Kouam, Joel. "Burkina Livestock Ban Welcomed by Consumers but Hits Traders Hard." Africanews, 26 May 2026. https://www.africanews.com/2026/05/26/burkina-livestock-ban-welcomed-by-consumers-but-hits-traders-hard/.↑
  30. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT: Crops and Livestock Products, Ghana, 1961-2024. Rome: FAO, 2026. https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_Africa.zip.↑
  31. African Development Bank. Livestock Investment Master Plan (LIVEMAP). Abidjan: African Development Bank, 2021. https://www.afdb.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/livestock_investment_master_plan_english_v3_lowres_b.pdf.↑
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